Aerobic exercise

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Aerobic Workout More Efficient in Suppressing Hunger
The American Physiological Society has recently published a research study demonstrating that an aerobic session lasting for around 60 minutes can be more efficient in suppressing the appetite than 90 minutes of non-aerobic exercises, such as weigh lifting. The authors of the aforementioned investigation, a group of experts from Loughborough University and the University College, London, called “The influence of resistance and aerobic exercise on hunger, circulating levels of acylated ghrelin and peptide YY in healthy males.”

For their research, the scientists chose to screen two of the hormones responsible with working up the appetite, namely ghrelin and peptide YY. The first is well known as the only hormone that is actually efficient in increasing the appetence, while peptide YY is working on suppressing it.

The subjects of the screenings were 11 students, who were asked to perform three workout sessions, each of which was to last eight hours. One of them consisted of 60 minutes of treadmill exercises, and a seven-hour period of resting. The following one comprehended 90 hours of weight lifting, after which the participants were allowed to relax. For the third workout session, the students were asked to completely rest, and perform no exercise at all.

As the levels of the appetite hormones were monitored along the workout sessions, scientists were able to compare the results. Even if both of the methods led to the suppression of appetite, there were also major differences in what concerned their efficiency. Thus, the aerobic exercises proved to be effective in the dropping of the ghrelin levels, while increasing the amount of peptide YY. On the other hand, non-aerobic workout had mixed results – ghrelin levels did drop, too, but, in the case of the level of peptide YY the changes were not highly significant.

Dr. Stensel, one of the experts carrying out the testing, concluded by saying that “The finding that hunger is suppressed during and immediately after vigorous treadmill running is consistent with previous studies indicating that strenuous aerobic exercise transiently suppresses appetite...The findings suggest a similar, although slightly attenuated response, for weight lifting exercise.”
Publicat de health victorro la 02:59 0 comentarii
Etichete: aerobic, hunger, workout
Aerobic capacity
'Aerobic capacity' describes the functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system, (the heart, lungs and blood vessels). Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximum amount of oxygen the body can use during a specified period, usually during intense exercise.[2] It is a function both of cardiorespiratory performance and the maximum ability to remove and utilize oxygen from circulating blood. To measure maximal aerobic capacity, an exercise physiologist or physician will perform a VO2 max test, in which a subject will undergo progressively more strenuous exercise on a treadmill, from an easy walk through to exhaustion. The individual is typically connected to a respirometer to measure oxygen consumption, and the speed is increased incrementally over a fixed duration of time. The higher the measured cardiorespiratory endurance level, the more oxygen has been transported to and used by exercising muscles, and the higher the level of intensity at which the individual can exercise. More simply stated, the higher the aerobic capacity, the higher the level of aerobic fitness. The Cooper and multi-stage fitness tests can also be used to assess functional aerobic capacity for particular jobs or activities.

The degree to which aerobic capacity can be improved by exercise varies very widely in the human population: while the mean response to training is an approximately 17% increase in VO2max, in any population there are "high responders" who may as much as double their capacity, and "low responders" who will see little or no benefit from training.[3] Studies indicate that approximately 10% of otherwise healthy individuals cannot improve their aerobic capacity with exercise at all.[4] The degree of an individual's responsiveness is highly heritable, suggesting that this trait is genetically determined.[3]
Publicat de health victorro la 02:58 0 comentarii
Etichete: aerobic, capacity
Aerobic versus anaerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise and fitness can be contrasted with anaerobic exercise, of which strength training and weight training are the most salient examples. The two types of exercise differ by the duration and intensity of muscular contractions involved, as well as by how energy is generated within the muscle. Initially during aerobic exercise, glycogen is broken down to produce glucose, which is then broken down using oxygen to generate energy. In the absence of these carbohydrates, fat metabolism is initiated instead. The latter is a slow process, and is accompanied by a decline in performance level. This gradual switch to fat as fuel is a major cause of what marathon runners call "hitting the wall". Anaerobic exercise, in contrast, refers to the initial phase of exercise, or to any short burst of intense exertion, in which the glycogen or sugar is consumed without oxygen, and is a far less efficient process. Operating anaerobically, an untrained 400 meter sprinter may "hit the wall" short of the full distance.

Aerobic exercise comprises innumerable forms. In general, it is performed at a moderate level of intensity over a relatively long period of time. For example, running a long distance at a moderate pace is an aerobic exercise, but sprinting is not. Playing singles tennis, with near-continuous motion, is generally considered aerobic activity, while golf or two person team tennis, with brief bursts of activity punctuated by more frequent breaks, may not be predominantly aerobic. Some sports are thus inherently "aerobic", while other aerobic exercises, such as fartlek training or aerobic dance classes, are designed specifically to improve aerobic capacity and fitness.

Among the recognized benefits of doing regular aerobic exercise are:

* Strengthening the muscles involved in respiration, to facilitate the flow of air in and out of the lungs
* Strengthening and enlarging the heart muscle, to improve its pumping efficiency and reduce the resting heart rate
* Toning muscles throughout the body
* Improving circulation efficiency and reducing blood pressure
* Increasing the total number of red blood cells in the body, facilitating transport of oxygen
* Improved mental health, including reducing stress and lowering the incidence of depression

As a result, aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of death due to cardiovascular problems. In addition, high-impact aerobic activities (such as jogging or jumping rope) can stimulate bone growth, as well as reducing the risk of osteoporosis for both men and women. In addition to the health benefits of aerobic exercise, there are numerous performance benefits:

* Increased storage of energy molecules such as fats and carbohydrates within the muscles, allowing for increased endurance
* Neovascularization of the muscle sarcomeres to increase blood flow through the muscles
* Increasing speed at which aerobic metabolism is activated within muscles, allowing a greater portion of energy for intense exercise to be generated aerobically
* Improving the ability of muscles to use fats during exercise, preserving intramuscular glycogen
* Enhancing the speed at which muscles recover from high intensity exercise

"Aerobics" is a particular form of aerobic exercise. Aerobics classes generally involve rapid stepping patterns, performed to music with cues provided by an instructor. This type of aerobic activity became quite popular in the United States after the 1970 publication of The New Aerobics by Dr. Kenneth H. Cooper, and went through a brief period of intense popularity in the 1980s, when many celebrities (such as Jane Fonda and Richard Simmons) produced videos or created television shows promoting this type of aerobic exercise. Group exercise aerobics can be divided into two major types: freestyle aerobics and pre-choreographed aerobics.
Publicat de health victorro la 02:57 0 comentarii
Etichete: aerobic, anaerobic, versus
Aerobic exercise- History
Both the term and the specific exercise method were developed by Kenneth H. Cooper, M.D., an exercise physiologist, and Col. Pauline Potts, a physical therapist, both in the United States Air Force. Dr. Cooper, an avowed exercise enthusiast, was personally and professionally puzzled about why some people with excellent muscular strength were still prone to poor performance at tasks such as long-distance running, swimming, and bicycling. He began measuring systematic human performance using a bicycle ergometer, and began measuring sustained performance in terms of a person's ability to use oxygen. His groundbreaking book, Aerobics, was published in 1968, and included scientific exercise programs using running, walking, swimming and bicycling. The book came at a fortuitous historical moment, when increasing weakness and inactivity in the general population was causing a perceived need for increased exercise. It became a bestseller. Cooper's data provided the scientific baseline for almost all modern aerobics programs, most of which are based on oxygen-consumption equivalency.
Publicat de health victorro la 02:56 0 comentarii
Etichete: aerobic, exercises, history
aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise refers to exercise that involves or improves oxygen consumption by the body.[1] Aerobic means "with oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen in the body's metabolic or energy-generating process.

Many types of exercise are aerobic, and by definition are performed at moderate levels of intensity for extended periods of time. To obtain the best results, an aerobic exercise session involves a warming up period, followed by at least 20 minutes of moderate to intense exercise involving large muscle groups, and a cooling down period at the end.[citation needed]

• Added on: Mar 13th, 2009
• Country: Romania
• Language: English

• Author: rorac2009
• Listed in: Health Medicine
• Tags: aerobic capacity aerobic workout more efficient in suppressing hunger