My Blogs
http://e-ovary.blogspot.com/
The surface of the ovary is covered by a layer of simple cuboidal cells which constitutes the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer.
http://e-duodenum.blogspot.com/
First part
The first (superior) part begins as a continuation of the duodenal end of the pylorus. From here it passes laterally (right), superiorly and posteriorly, for…
http://e-gill.blogspot.com/
General
A gill is an anatomical structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excret…
http://e-organ-transplant.blogspot.com/
United Kingdom
In the UK the number of people needing organ transplants is significantly greater than the number of organs available. To ensure that the patients awaitin…
http://vermiform-appendix.blogspot.com/
Size and location
Given the appendix's propensity to cause death via infection, and the general good health of people who have had their appendix removed or who have a c…
http://e-about-cholesterol.blogspot.com/
General
Cholesterol is a lipidic, waxy alcohol found in the cell membranes and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is an essential component of mammalian…
http://e-cholesterol.blogspot.com/
Metabolism and excretion
Cholesterol is oxidized by the liver into a variety of bile acids. These in turn are conjugated with glycine, taurine, glucuronic acid, or sulfa…
http://about-testosteron.blogspot.com/
Pre- Peripubertal effects
Pre- Peripubertal effects are the first visible effects of rising androgen levels at the end of childhood, occurring in both boys and girls.[va…
http://e-testosterone.blogspot.com/
Other drugs
Some drugs specifically target testosterone as a way of treating certain conditions. For example, finasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone into di…
http://e-about-cortisol.blogspot.com/
Physiology
The amount of cortisol present in the blood undergoes diurnal variation, with the highest levels present in the early morning, and the lowest levels present a…
http://e-cortisol.blogspot.com/
Copper
It is probable that increasing copper availability for immune purposes is the reason why many copper enzymes are stimulated to an extent which is often 50% of the…
http://e-estrogen.blogspot.com/
Nonsteroidal
A range of synthetic and natural substances have been identified that also possess estrogenic activity.[3]
* Synthetic substances of this kind are known…
http://cor-pulmonale.blogspot.com/
General
Cor pulmonale or pulmonary heart disease is a change in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder. Right v…
http://dilated-cardiomyopathy.blogspot.com/
Causes
Although no cause (etiology) is apparent in many cases, dilated cardiomyopathy is probably the end result of damage to the myocardium produced by a variety of tox…
http://e-cardiomyopathy.blogspot.com/
Extrinsic cardiomyopathies
These are cardiomyopathies where the primary pathology is outside the myocardium itself. Most cardiomyopathies are extrinsic, because by far t…
http://sinoatrial-node.blogspot.com/
General
The sinoatrial node (abbreviated SA node or SAN, also called the sinus node) is the impulse generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the hear…
http://e-sphygmomanometer.blogspot.com/
Pressure measurement
Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure pressure are called pressure gauges or v…
http://e-electrocardiogram.blogspot.com/
Clinical lead groups
There is twelve leads in total, each recording the electrical activity of the heart from a different perspective, which also correlate to different…
http://e-circulatory-system.blogspot.com/
Other vertebrates
The circulatory systems of all vertebrates, as well as of annelids (for example, earthworms) and cephalopods (squid and octopus) are closed, just as in…
http://e-vacuole.blogspot.com/
Pinocytosis
In cellular biology, pinocytosis ("cell-drinking", "bulk-phase pinocytosis", "non-specific, non-adsorptive pinocytosis", "fluid endocytosis") is a form of en…
http://e-flagellum.blogspot.com/
Archaeal
The archaeal flagellum is superficially similar to the bacterial (or eubacterial) flagellum; in the 1980s they were thought to be homologous on the basis of gro…
http://neurofilament.blogspot.com/
General
Neurofilaments are the 10 nanometer (10nm) or intermediate filaments found specifically in neurons. The subunits of neurofilaments are related structurally to th…
http://e-keratin.blogspot.com/
Variety of animal uses
Keratins are the main constituent of structures that grow from the skin:
* the α-keratins in the hair (including wool), horns, nails, claw…
http://e-cytoskeleton.blogspot.com/
General
The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thoug…
http://e-ribosome.blogspot.com/
Description
Ribosomes are about 20nm (200 Ångström) in diameter and are composed of 65% ribosomal RNA and 35% ribosomal proteins (known as a Ribonucleoprotein or RNP).…
http://e-organelle.blogspot.com/
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane, plasmalemma, or "phospholipid bilayer") is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer found in all cells.[1]…
http://e-adrenal-medulla.blogspot.com/
Preganglionic fibers
In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the CNS to the ganglion are known as preganglionic fibers.
All preganglionic fibers, whether they ar…
http://e-adrenal-gland.blogspot.com/
General
In mammals, the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the star-shaped endocrine glands that sit on top of the kidneys; their name indicates that p…
http://adrenal-cortex.blogspot.com/
Hormone synthesis
They are produced in the zona glomerulosa. The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone. Its
secretion is regulated by the oligopeptide angiotensin…
http://fractal-catalytic.blogspot.com/
General
The fractal catalytic model, proposed by Christopher James Davia, describes “an entirely novel principle that unites all living processes”by identifying enzy…
http://health-brain.blogspot.com/
Motor system
Motor systems are areas of the brain that are more or less directly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. With the exception…
http://e-about-brain.blogspot.com/
How it is studied
Neuroscience seeks to understand the nervous system, including the brain, from a biological and computational perspective.Psychology seeks to understan…
http://e-artificialpancreas.blogspot.com/
Background in insulin therapy
In insulin-dependent persons, blood glucose levels have been roughly controlled using insulin alone. The number of grams of carbohydrate is…
http://e-artificial-pancreas.blogspot.com/
First clinical tests: implantable insulin pumps and continuous glucose sensors
In France, a human clinical trial of an artificial pancreas is underway. The system is ful…
http://visual-prosthesis.blogspot.com/
Biological considerations
The ability to give sight to a blind person via a bionic eye depends on the circumstances surrounding the loss of sight. For retinal prostheses…
http://artificial-organ.blogspot.com/
Geberal
An artificial organ is a man-made device that is implanted into, or integrated onto, a human to replace a natural organ, for the purpose of restoring a specific…
http://e-about-hemodialysis.blogspot.com/
AV fistula
AV (arteriovenous) fistulas are recognized as the preferred access method. To create a fistula, a vascular surgeon joins an artery and a vein together through…
http://e-hemodialysis.blogspot.com/
Membrane and flux
Whether using a high-flux dialyzer improves patient outcomes is somewhat controversial, but several important studies have suggested that it has clinic…
http:///artificial-kidney.blogspot.com/
Bioengineering
Bioengineering (also known as Biological Engineering) is the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medi…
http://e-artificial-heart.blogspot.com/
The development of permanent, implantable, electrically powered artificial hearts
In the mid 1980s, artificial hearts were powered by dishwasher-sized pneumatic power so…
http://about-echinoderm.blogspot.com/
Sexual reproduction
Echinoderms become sexually mature after approximately two to three years, depending on the species and the environmental conditions. The eggs and sp…
http://e-echinoderm.blogspot.com/
Avoiding predation
Despite their low nutrition value and the abundance of indigestable calcite, many organisms, such as Crabs, sharks, sea birds and larger starfish, mak…
http://tibialis-muscle.blogspot.com/
General
In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cunei…
http://e-plantarflexion.blogspot.com/
Calf muscle
A torn calf muscle happens when the calf muscle is pulled apart from the Achilles tendon. Severe pain is felt by the victim accompanied by a "pop."
This i…
http://e-calcaneus.blogspot.com/
vastus lateralis
From the medial lip of the linea aspera and its prolongations above and below, the vastus medialis arises; and from the lateral lip and its upward prolo…
http://e-gastrocnemius-muscle.blogspot.com/
Blood vessels
The arterial supply is by the femoral artery and the obturator system. The lymphatic drainage closely follows the arterial supply.
The deep venous syste…
http:///e-muscular-system.blogspot.com/
The axillary nerve
The most common type of shoulder dislocation is an anterior or inferior dislocation of the humerus of the glenohumeral joint. This dislocation has the…
http://e-skeleton.blogspot.com/
Cranial bones
The eight bones of the cranium support, surround and protect the brain within the cranial cavity. They form the roof, sides, and back of the cranium, as we…
http://about-digestion.blogspot.com/
Digestion-General
Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body, into a form that can be absorbed. It is also the process by which the body breaks down chemica…
http://e-digestion.blogspot.com/
Stomach
The stomach is a small,'C'-shaped pouch with walls made of thick, elastic muscles, which stores and helps break down food. Food enters the stomach through the ca…
http://acetylenic.blogspot.com/
Allyl alcohol
Allyl alcohol or 2-propen-1-ol is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCH2OH. It is a water soluble, colourless liquid with an ethanol like odour at…
http://e-organic-chemistry.blogspot.com/
Description and nomenclature
Classification is not possible without having a full description of the individual compounds. In contrast with inorganic chemistry, in which…
http://about-head.blogspot.com/
Clothing
In many cultures, covering the head is seen as a sign of respect. Often, some or all of the head must be covered and veiled when entering holy places, or places…
http://e-peptide.blogspot.com/
General
Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles") are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of α-amino acids. The link betwe…
http://e-monosaccharide.blogspot.com/
general
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar) are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They consist of one sugar and are usually colorless, water-s…
http://e-nucleotide.blogspot.com/
Nucleotide structure
A nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase (nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or 2'-deoxyribose), and one to three phosphate gr…
http://e-amino-acid.blogspot.com/
Isomerism
Of the standard α-amino acids, all but glycine can exist in either of two optical isomers. While L-amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids foun…
http:///e-sugar.blogspot.com/
Declining industries
Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement tec…
http://e-carbohydrate.blogspot.com/
Use in living organisms
Monosaccharides are the major source of fuel for metabolism, being used both as an energy source (glucose being the most important in nature) and…
http://e-neurotransmitter.blogspot.com/
Identifying neurotransmitters
Some of the properties that define a chemical as a neurotransmitter are difficult to test experimentally. For example, it is easy using an…
http://e-hormone.blogspot.com/
Hormone signaling
Hormonal signaling across this hierarchy involves the following:
1. Biosynthesis of a particular hormone in a particular tissue
2. Storage and secr…
http://e-about-vitamin.blogspot.com/
Deficiencies
Deficiencies of vitamins are classified as either primary or secondary. A primary deficiency occurs when an organism does not get enough of the vitamin in i…
http://e-lipid.blogspot.com/
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone that is synthesized de novo from serine a…
http://e-molecule.blogspot.com/
general
In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very str…
http://molecularengineering.blogspot.com/
Molecular engineering
Molecular engineering is any means of manufacturing molecules. It may be used to create, on an extremely small scale, most typically one at a time,…
http://about-neuron.blogspot.com/
Overview-neuron
The complexity and diversity in nervous systems is dependent on the interconnections between neurons, which rely on a limited number of different signals…
http://e-nanomedicine.blogspot.com/
Drug delivery
Nanomedical approaches to drug delivery center on developing nanoscale particles or molecules to improve the bioavailability of a drug. Bioavailability ref…
http://e-immortality.blogspot.com/
Biological immortality
Biological immortality is an absence of aging, specifically the absence of a sustained increase in rate of mortality as a function of chronologica…
http://e-humanism.blogspot.com/
Religion
Humanism rejects deference to supernatural beliefs in resolving human affairs but not necessarily the beliefs themselves; indeed some strains of Humanism are co…
http://e-geriatrics.blogspot.com/
Differences between adult and geriatric medicine
Geriatrics differs from adult medicine in many respects. The body of an elderly person is substantially different physio…
http://e-genome.blogspot.com/
general
In classical genetics, the genome of a diploid organism including eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a gamete; thereby, a regular somatic ce…
http://e-genetic-code.blogspot.com/
Reading frame of a sequence
Note that a codon is defined by the initial nucleotide from which translation starts. For example, the string GGGAAACCC, if read from the fir…
http://e-futurology.blogspot.com/
Methodologies
Futures practitioners use a wide range of models and methods (theory and practice), many of which come from other academic disciplines (including economics…
http://medication-osteoporosis.blogspot.com/
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
SERMs are a class of medications that act on the estrogen receptors throughout the body in a selective manner. Normally, bon…
http://e-osteoporosis.blogspot.com/
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, formerly DEXA) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is…
http://e-interstitial-cystitis.blogspot.com/
Nomenclature
The term "interstitial cystitis" has been hotly debated in recent years. In 2003/2004, researchers suggested that milder cases of IC should be known as pain…
http://e-prostatitis.blogspot.com/
Prostate
The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland…
http://parkinson-s-disease.blogspot.com/
Classification
"Parkinson's disease" is the synonym of "primary parkinsonism", i.e. isolated parkinsonism due to a neurodegenerative process without any secondary system…
http://e-heart-disease.blogspot.com/
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease" (Myo= muscle, pathy= disease) It is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the a…
http:///e-diabetes-mellitus.blogspot.com/
general
For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine, see diabetes insipidus. For diabetes mellitus in pets, see diabetes in cats and…
http://e-alzheimer-disease.blogspot.com/
Biochemistry
Alzheimer's disease has been identified as a protein misfolding disease (proteopathy), caused by accumulation of abnormally folded A-beta and tau proteins i…
http://clinical-death.blogspot.com/
Limits of reversal
Most tissues and organs of the body can survive clinical death for considerable periods. Blood circulation can be stopped in the entire body below the…
http://e-brain-death.blogspot.com/
Legal history
Traditionally, both the legal and medical communities determined death through the end of certain bodily functions, especially respiration and heartbeat.…
http:///e-cryonics.blogspot.com/
Neuropreservation
Neuropreservation is cryopreservation of the brain, often within the head, with surgical removal and disposal (usually cremation) of the rest of the bo…
http:///e-cyborg.blogspot.com/
In medicine
In medicine, there are two important and different types of cyborgs: these are the restorative and the enhanced. Restorative technologies “restore lost fun…
http://e-cognitive-enhancers.blogspot.com/
Dopaminergics
Dopaminergics are substances that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine or the components of the nervous system that use dopamine. Dopamine is produced in t…
http://cognitive-enhancers.blogspot.com/
Brain function and improved oxygen supply
Brain function and improved oxygen supply * Chromium- stabilises blood sugar levels promoting concentration.
* Coenzyme q-10 s…
http://cancer-e.blogspot.com/
Biopsy
A cancer may be suspected for a variety of reasons, but the definitive diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological examination of the cancero…
http://e-calorie-restriction.blogspot.com/
Effects of CR on different organisms
Primates
Researchers at New York's Mount Sinai School of Medicine reported in 2006 that compared to monkeys fed a normal diet, sq…
http://e-biochemistry.blogspot.com/
aerobic cells
In aerobic cells with sufficient oxygen, like most human cells, the pyruvate is further metabolized. It is irreversibly converted to acetyl-CoA, giving off…
http://e-artificial-life.blogspot.com/
Artificial Life relates to Biology
Artificial Life relates to Biology in much the same fashion that Artificial Intelligence relates to Psychology. The goal of artificial…
http://dna-repair-deficiency-disorder.blogspot.com/
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Xeroderma pigmentosa, or XP, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of DNA repair in which the ability to repair damage caused by ultraviolet (…
http://e-aerobic-exercise.blogspot.com/
Aerobic Workout More Efficient in Suppressing Hunger
The American Physiological Society has recently published a research study demonstrating that an aerobic session las…
http://cloning-human.blogspot.com/
The Future of Human Cloning
Supermodels could one day have a whole new human cloning career, selling cells from their bodies to make hundreds of "perfect" human clones f…
rorac2009's profile rorac2009 / Female / Member since February 2009 / Last seen 7 months ago
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